Migraines are chronic headaches that cause pulsating or throbbing pain on one or both sides of the head, nausea, vomiting, and/or extreme sensitivity to light and noises. Some people experience warning signs of an impending migraine, such as flashes of light, blind spots, or tingling in the arms or legs. Over 60% of chronic headaches are triggered by head or neck pain, muscles spasms, or TMJ problems.
Transformed migraines are migraines that act like tension headaches.
Rebound or Medication overuse headaches, are migraines that occur more frequently as a result of daily medication use. These problem causing medications are usually excedrine,Tylenol, advil, midrin, fioracet, antihistamines, triptans, narcotics, and many others.
There are several different treatments for migraine headaches, including helpful medications, removing rebound causing medications, injections, splint therapy, nerve blocks, and surgery.

Medications

Symptom-relieving medications decrease symptoms associated with a migraine that has already begun. Over the counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen, aspirin, and combinations of acetaminophen, aspirin, and caffeine are useful in treating mild to moderate migraine pain. Prescription medications (e.g, triptans, ergotaminem) can be used to treat pain, nausea, and light sensitivity associated with severe migraines. In certain cases, prescription medications containing codeine are used to treat migraine pain when people can't take other drugs.

As the name suggests, preventive medications are used before a migraine has occurred. These medications reduce the frequency, severity and length of migraines, and may also increase the effectiveness of symptom-relieving medicines.
Beta blockers, anti-hypertensives (medications for high blood pressure and heart disease), calcium channel blockers (another heart disease medication), tricyclic antidepressants, SNRIs (antidepressant medications), and certain anti-seizure drugs (e.g., Depakote and Topamax) may be used as preventive medications.

Non-Surgical Treatments
Eliminating triggers, such as head or neck pain, muscles spasms, or TMJ problems. Frequently TMJ splint therapy can help relieve pain from the jaw joints and head and neck muscles, and thus decrease the triggering of migraines.

Other non-surgical preventive treatments include botox injections (in the muscles of the forehead and neck) and occipital nerve blocks (injecting a steroid medication near the nerves on the back of the head just above the neck).

Surgery
Surgical intervention for migraines is typically used as a preventive treatment of last resort. Procedures used to treat migraines include removing the muscles and nerves associated with frowning and chewing; and straightening the nasal septum (the bone and cartilage in the nose that separates the nostrils) in individuals with a deviated septum (the top portion of the bone and cartilage leans left or right).